Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminant virus

Sadia Chaman¹ , Farrakh Zia Khan², Rabia Khokhar¹, Husnul Maab¹, Shaista Qamar¹, Sahar Zahid³, Mobasher Ahmad¹, Khalid Hussain¹

¹Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; ²Punjab University College of Pharmacy, The University of Punjab; ³Leads College of Pharmacy, Leads University, Lahore, Pakistan.

For correspondence:- Sadia Chaman Email: Sadia.chaman@uvas.edu.pk

Accepted: 19 June 2019 Published: 29 July 2019

Citation: Chaman S, Khan FZ, Khokhar R, Maab H, Qamar S, Zahid S, et al. Cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminant virus. Trop J Pharm Res 2019; 18(7):1507-1511 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i7.21

© 2019 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To determine the cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV).

Methods: The methanol extract, as well as n- hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n- butanol fractions of E. milii leaves were screened for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against PPRV using Vero cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results: Non-cytotoxic concentrations with cell survival rate (CSP) greater than 50 % were considered virucidal. Methanol extract and fractions produced significant (p < 0.05) effects at all test concentrations against PPRV. The 50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) calculated was ≤ 25 µg/mL for extract and fractions. In antiviral assay, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and n-butanol fractions at all test concentrations ranging from 1.56 - 800 µg/mL were non-virucidal; even at their non-cytotoxic concentrations these fractions did not show antiviral activities. However, the methanol extract and its chloroform fractions showed significant (p < 0.05) virucidal potential.

Conclusion: The results suggest that further isolation of antiviral constituents from the fractions may open new horizons for the development of new antiviral agents.

Keywords: Antiviral, Cytotoxic, Euphorbia milii, Vero cell, Peste des petits ruminants virus